web3: 俄罗斯央行公布数字资产托管新规草案
CoinDesk
07-28 23:03
Ai Focus
俄罗斯央行发布数字资产监管草案,拟将证券市场规则延伸至加密资产,并对托管与结算平台设定分级资本门槛。
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俄罗斯正加快推进数字资产监管落地。俄罗斯央行最新发布的规则草案,拟把证券市场中已有的交易、托管、登记和信息披露要求,延伸到加密货币及其他数字资产领域,为计划在 9 月前后全面实施的新框架做准备。

数字托管机构将纳入监管

草案的核心,是设立受监管的“数字托管机构”。这类机构将负责记录加密货币和其他数字资产持仓,并纳入官方登记体系。俄罗斯央行还计划建立数字托管机构、加密交易运营方以及数字金融资产发行方名录。

资本门槛分三级

根据草案,不同业务对应不同资本要求。

  • 结算型托管机构最低资本为 2.5 亿卢布
  • 控制加密地址或通过境外托管人持有资产的机构,最低资本为 1 亿卢布
  • 其他数字托管机构最低资本为 5000 万卢布

按文中换算,上述金额约合 57 万美元至 280 万美元不等。计入资本要求的资产需具备流动性,符合条件的金融资产还需达到俄罗斯央行设定的信用质量标准。

电子平台也被纳入约束

除托管机构外,涉及数字金融资产交易结算的电子平台运营方,也将适用相关资本与合规要求。这意味着,俄罗斯拟将传统证券市场的制度框架整体移植到数字资产市场,而不只是单独规范交易环节。

从草案内容看,监管重点包括交易执行、资产保管、持仓记录以及信息披露等基础设施环节。若规则最终落地,俄罗斯本地数字资产服务商的准入门槛将明显提高。

新法已通过,草案仍在征求意见

这份草案依据俄罗斯近期通过的数字资产法案制定。该法案已于 7 月 21 日在国家杜马获得通过,并于 7 月 24 日获联邦委员会批准。按当前安排,俄罗斯的加密货币监管框架将在 9 月前后全面生效。

目前,俄罗斯央行发布的仍是征求意见稿,尚未最终定稿。草案公布时间,也正值欧盟推出新一轮对俄制裁之后。根据报道,欧盟此前公布第 21 轮制裁方案,涉及多家与俄罗斯有关联的加密企业。

整体来看,俄罗斯正在把数字资产市场纳入更完整的持牌监管体系,并优先补齐托管、结算和登记等基础制度。

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