According to CoinMeta, Moody's analysis indicates that long-term interest rates in the United States are rising and have now reached levels roughly equivalent to those before the global financial crisis around 2008. Mark Zandi, the chief economist at Moody's Analytics, stated that the Iran war is the primary factor driving up long-term interest rates. In addition, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell believes that the Fed should not make statements regarding forward guidance or its policy response functions, as this approach increases uncertainty, leading bond investors to demand higher yields as compensation.