According to CoinMeta, central bank officials from around the world gathered in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA, this week to discuss how to re-evaluate the global inflation issue and the prospect that borrowing costs may rise further in the face of new inflation threats. Spiros, an economist from Frankfurt, stated that central banks worldwide are likely to adopt a cautious stance, viewing inflation as the risk they would least want to see. Subhadra Rajapal, head of research for Societe Generale in the United States, pointed out that there are differences in the urgency with which countries approach inflation, partly due to varying degrees of impact from fluctuations in energy costs. She emphasized that Europe and Japan are more sensitive to the situation in the Middle East and oil prices. Jari Steen, chief European economist at Goldman Sachs, said that policy interest rates in the United States and the UK remain tight, and different starting points mean that countries face different pressures in dealing with energy shocks. Patrick Harker, former chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, noted that the Iran war has changed the way people discuss these issues, and there currently seems to be no sign of an end, making this year's Jackson Hole symposium quite different, as it is taking place in a typical environment of supply shocks.