According to CoinMeta, and as reported by Coindesk, economists from the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas estimate that tokenized deposits have increased depositors' sensitivity to interest rates by 10%, and reduced the ability of U.S. banks to absorb long-term interest rate risks by $700 billion. If 10% of these deposits were to flow out prematurely, this ability would be further reduced by $580 billion. Real-time settlement, smart contracts, and agents AI are prompting depositors to transfer funds immediately. Banks are responding by raising deposit interest rates, increasing reserves, and increasing their holdings of U.S. Treasury bonds, or by relying on longer-term debt, which affects the credit costs for consumers and businesses.