web3: 巴西农户将奶牛代币化用于贷款抵押
Decrypt
07-24 02:57
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巴西首笔奶牛代币化抵押融资落地,相关资产已在 B3 完成正式登记。
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巴西农业融资市场出现一笔新的 RWA 案例。巴拉那州一处奶牛场以 10 头奶牛作为抵押,完成 10 万雷亚尔农村金融信贷凭证(CPR-F)融资。这也是巴西证券交易所 B3 首次正式接受牲畜代币化抵押登记。

10头奶牛完成抵押登记

这笔交易发生在巴西伊姆比图瓦的 Fazenda Engenho Velho 农场。用于抵押的 10 头奶牛估值约 12 万雷亚尔,贷款由获巴西央行授权的直贷机构 BMP 发放。随后,BMP 将相关债权出售给应收账款投资基金 Target FIDC,并由后者在 B3 完成登记。

每头奶牛生成链上身份

这次融资的关键,在于抵押物不再只停留在纸面。每头奶牛都佩戴了由农业科技公司 Cowmed 提供的智能项圈,持续采集健康、行为和位置等数据。

这些数据经加密处理后,会生成对应奶牛的唯一数字身份,并直接关联到信贷合同。这样一来,贷款方无需再安排现场核查,也能确认抵押物状态。

银行折价问题被拿来测试

在巴西农业信贷中,牲畜虽然常被视为可抵押资产,但银行通常会大幅压低估值。报道提到,账面价值 2 万雷亚尔的奶牛,在贷款审核中可能只按 8000 雷亚尔计算。

原因在于,传统金融机构难以持续追踪牲畜状况,也难以及时确认抵押物是否仍然存在。Target FIDC 董事 Humberto Brenner 表示,实时监测能明显减少这类信息缺口,也让金融机构更愿意接受真实资产抵押。

农业信贷收紧推动试点

这类尝试背后,是巴西农业部门融资压力上升。根据 Serasa Experian 数据,2025 年巴西农业企业申请司法重整的数量达到 1990 起,较 2023 年的 534 起大幅增加。高利率、农产品价格下跌和气候冲击,正在压缩农户的融资空间。

Cowmed 首席执行官 Thiago Martins 表示,这一模式是把可见、可验证的实体资产转成可登记的数字资产,从而为农户增加新的抵押渠道,并争取更低成本和更高额度的贷款。

目前,Cowmed 在巴西、美国、加拿大、乌拉圭、巴拉圭和玻利维亚监测约 10 万头奶牛,总估值约 20 亿雷亚尔。该公司预计,未来两年内其中约 20% 的牛群可用于代币化抵押。报道称,Target FIDC 已在评估另外 4 个巴西农户项目,相关机构希望在 2026 年底前通过这一模式促成约 500 万雷亚尔信贷。

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