Ethereum: Vitalik Adjusts Ethereum Roadmap to Focus on Quantum Security and Privacy
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Vitalik Buterin Updates Ethereum Roadmap, Focusing on Quantum Security, Native Privacy, Scaling, and AI Verification.
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以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 发布了一份新的路线图草案,重新整理网络未来数年的技术重点。与过去围绕 The Merge、The Surge 等阶段展开的叙事不同,这份“Strawmap”改为按共识层、数据层和执行层三部分推进。

新版本最明显的变化,是把量子安全、用户隐私和协议安全放到更靠前的位置。按照 Buterin 的表述,以太坊未来需要同时满足抗审查、高性能、可扩展和更精简的设计目标。

路线图改为三层结构

Buterin 认为,旧路线图已经难以覆盖当前的技术现实,尤其是在量子计算、零知识证明和原生 Rollup 等方向快速变化之后。新草案不再沿用过去的六阶段框架,而是围绕三类核心模块展开。

  • 共识层(CL)
  • 数据层(DL)
  • 执行层(EL)

这一调整意味着,以太坊后续开发将更强调底层架构分工,而不是沿用单一的大阶段叙事。

量子安全与隐私提前

在安全部分,Buterin 把应对未来量子计算机列为明确目标。路线图提到,将引入后量子公钥注册表和后量子交易,并在扩容设计中同步考虑后量子条件下的实现方式。

为配合这一方向,部分旧技术路线被放弃。已经开发多年的 Verkle trees 被明确视为过时方案,部分组件将由 Poseidon binary trees 取代。这类结构原本就更适合与 STARK 证明体系配合。

隐私也是这次调整的重点。Buterin 认为,以太坊过去的路线图缺少内建隐私工具,因此新版草案把“强隐私”提升为协议级目标。路线图提到的方向包括 keyed nonces、FOCIL 的部分组件、精简版隐私池,以及名为“wormhole”的架构。

AI 用于协议验证

在扩容方面,开发方向不再是尽可能承载所有活动,而是为当前和未来最重的使用场景设计更有针对性的机制,包括代币转账、快速兑换和隐私协议。

相关技术基础将更多依赖递归 STARK 证明和原生 Rollup。与此同时,新版路线图加入了 gas 和 blob 的短期与长期期货思路,目的是让大型应用提前锁定网络容量和价格,减少费用突然上升对用户的影响。

Buterin 还把 AI 放进了协议开发流程。随着系统复杂度上升,他认为仅靠人工已难以完成完整的协议规格验证,因此计划把端到端形式化验证更多交给现代 AI 工具处理。AI 在这里的角色,主要是检查协议设计和代码正确性,而不是直接控制网络运行。

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