web3: Leverage ETF coding AI stocks, rebalance at closing or amplify volatility
Wall Street CN
08-11 21:51
Ai Focus
Bullish leverage on ETF against AI stock exposure rises to 58%, market concerns that closing-time rebalancing will exacerbate volatility in tech stocks.
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杠杆 ETF 正在成为 AI 科技股行情中的一股重要力量。彭博对约 800 只看涨杠杆股票 ETF 的分析显示,这类产品对 AI 相关股票的名义敞口,已从 2022 年的 26% 升至 2026 年年中的 58%,且资金越来越集中在少数芯片股。

敞口集中在芯片股

过去几年,杠杆 ETF 的整体名义敞口大约扩大了四倍,但更受关注的是持仓越来越集中。单股杠杆 ETF 中,SK 海力士、三星电子、美光科技和闪迪四家存储芯片公司,合计占据近一半敞口。

  • SK 海力士相关产品净流入约 108 亿美元
  • 三星电子相关产品净流入约 43 亿美元
  • 美光科技与闪迪合计约 45 亿美元

Asym Research 创始人 Rocky Fishman 表示,杠杆 ETF 市场近年的变化,不只是规模扩大,更是资金转向波动更高的标的,尤其是单股杠杆 ETF。

尾盘调仓冲击加大

杠杆 ETF 需要每日维持既定杠杆倍数,这意味着标的上涨后要继续加仓,标的下跌后则要减仓。反向产品在部分情况下也可能被迫朝同一方向交易,令波动在尾盘时段进一步集中。

目前全球杠杆 ETF 资产规模约 2500 亿美元,只占全球 ETF 资产的一小部分,但日均交易量已占全部 ETF 成交的 16%。由于再平衡通常按收盘价完成,这类调仓会与指数调整、期权对冲和机构尾盘订单叠加。

野村估算,在今年 6 月规模高点时,若标的证券波动 1%,杠杆 ETF 可能需要通过再平衡买卖约 100 亿美元证券。RBC Capital Markets 认为,这种机制类似期权市场中的空头 Gamma,可能在大幅波动后继续放大价格摆动。

韩国市场提供样本

韩国市场近期的波动,被不少分析人士视为现实样本。今年早些时候,韩国监管机构批准十余只追踪三星电子和 SK 海力士的杠杆 ETF,希望把流向海外同类产品的本地资金留在国内市场。

其中,在香港上市的 CSOP SK 海力士杠杆 ETF 高峰期资产接近 170 亿美元,一度成为全球最大的单股杠杆 ETF。韩国本地相关产品上市后两个月内,又吸引逾 90 亿美元流入。随后,Kospi 指数出现明显盘中震荡,韩国监管部门提高了相关产品投资者的最低保证金要求,并暂停新产品上市。

不过,市场并未把这轮抛售完全归因于杠杆 ETF。芯片价格走弱、企业业绩不及预期、借贷成本上升,以及对冲基金平仓,都被认为是同时存在的因素。部分策略人士认为,杠杆 ETF 更像是放大器,而非根本起因。

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