web3: The US will announce on CPI this evening; markets are focusing on the extent of inflation cooling down.
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In July, the U.S. CPI is set to be announced, with markets focusing on whether inflation will continue to decline, as well as its impact on the Federal Reserve's interest rate path and risk assets such as Bitcoin.
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美国 7 月 CPI 将于美东时间周二 8:30 公布。这份数据将影响市场对通胀走势和美联储下一步利率选择的判断,美股、美债收益率、美元以及比特币等风险资产都可能随之波动。

市场预期小幅回落

目前主流预期显示,7 月整体 CPI 同比为 3.4%,低于前值 3.5%;核心 CPI 同比预计为 2.5%,低于前值 2.6%。按月看,整体与核心 CPI 预期都在 0.2% 左右。

不过,部分测算认为核心 CPI 环比可能接近 0.253%。这意味着最终公布值可能四舍五入后落在 0.2% 或 0.3%。若整体 CPI 环比也在 0.2% 左右,全年同比结果仍可能接近 3.5%,高于市场一致预期。

利率预期取决于数据

6 月通胀数据弱于预期后,市场一度提高了对美联储维持利率不变、并在后续考虑降息的押注。若 7 月 CPI 继续走软,这一判断可能进一步强化;若数据高于预期,市场对高利率维持更久的担忧可能回升。

汇丰认为,本次通胀读数大概率仍偏温和。若结果继续偏弱,美债收益率可能回落,进一步加息预期也会降温,从而为风险资产提供更友好的交易环境。

能源和食品成主要变量

6 月通胀偏弱,一个重要原因是能源价格明显下跌。当月能源指数下降 5.7%,推动整体 CPI 环比转负。进入 7 月后,这一拖累因素预计减弱。部分预测显示,7 月能源价格降幅可能仅为 0.61%,较 6 月明显收窄,这一变化本身就可能抬高整体通胀读数。

相比之下,食品价格可能带来一定缓冲。一些大型零售商和连锁超市在夏季下调了部分商品价格,这可能压低食品通胀,部分对冲能源项带来的上行压力。

核心通胀仍是焦点

虽然市场通常先看整体 CPI,但核心 CPI 对利率判断更关键,因为它剔除了食品和能源等波动较大的项目。当前市场预计,7 月核心 CPI 环比上涨 0.2%,同比从 2.6% 放缓至 2.5%。

住房成本仍是核心通胀中的大项。部分地区租金已有降温迹象,但这类变化传导到 CPI 往往存在时滞。与此同时,服务价格、车辆维护支出和部分投入成本仍可能让价格维持高位。

不同结果对应不同反应

若整体 CPI 低于 3.4%,市场可能进一步押注美联储不会再加息,甚至提高对后续降息的预期,美债收益率、股票和比特币等风险资产可能获得支撑。

若数据高于 3.4%,市场可能下调降息预期,并重新评估 9 月政策路径。若结果正好落在 3.4%,交易焦点则可能转向核心通胀,以及能源、住房和服务等分项表现。

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