web3 : Solana Nearly came to a halt, with nearly 29% of staked tokens going offline for a time
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Solana Nearly Shut Down Due to Data Center Routing Failure, Exposing Centralized Risks in Verifier Connections and Staking.
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Solana 周三一度接近停摆。质押平台 Marinade Finance 表示,一家大型数据中心服务商出现路由故障后,网络上接近 29% 的已质押代币短时离线,导致链上最终确认机制逼近中断阈值。

距停摆阈值仅差约 2000 万枚代币

在 Solana 网络中,如果超过三分之一的质押代币同时离线,交易将无法继续完成最终确认。Marinade 称,这次事件发生时,网络距离该阈值只差约 2000 万枚代币,情况一度非常接近 2024 年 2 月那次持续约 5 小时的停机事故。

Marinade 还表示,约 90 个验证者受到影响,合计损失 333 枚 SOL 奖励。这部分损失金额不大,将由“验证者保证金”覆盖。

故障源于单一连接提供商

根据 Marinade 的说明,问题源头是 Teraswitch 位于迈阿密机房的一条异常互联网路由,随后影响扩散至欧洲和亚洲的数据中心。事件暴露出一个更深层的问题:单一网络运营商控制的质押权重过高。

文中提到,编号为 AS2032 的单一网络运营商控制了超过四分之一的全网质押代币,已高于 Solana 设定的安全上限。故障发生后,这部分代币几乎同时离线,其他公司在同一时段还额外损失了约 1400 万枚代币的在线质押权重。

备用系统未切换成功

受影响的大多数验证者,包括 Helius 在内,在 33 分钟内始终未能恢复上线,原因是备用系统没有按预期接管。Marinade 认为,这说明验证者在连接冗余和故障切换方面仍存在明显短板。

如果当时离线比例继续上升并超过三分之一,SOL 持有者将面临全网无法完成最终确认的局面,而这类系统性影响并不能通过验证者保证金解决。

Solana 是当前主要的智能合约公链之一。按照报道数据,其 DeFi 协议锁仓规模约为 43 亿美元。该网络长期以高吞吐和低成本著称,但过去也多次出现中断或性能异常问题。这次险些停摆,再次把验证者分布、网络连接冗余和质押集中度带回市场视野。

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