Foreign media: Three pioneers of AI oppose a complete tightening of the open model
TechCrunch
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Foreign media reports that Hinton, Li Feifei, and Andrew Ng discussed the open models and security issues of AI in public, opposing the monopoly of AI development by a few large companies. However, they have different views on the degree of openness and regulatory methods.
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AI 安全争议升温之际,外媒称,杰弗里·辛顿、李飞飞和吴恩达近日在拉斯维加斯举行的 Ai4 大会上集中谈到开放模型问题。三人立场并不完全一致,但都反对由少数大型科技公司主导 AI 的发展节奏。

反对少数公司把持入口

文章称,三位研究者共同担心的一点,是 AI 若被少数公司控制,创新空间可能被压缩。吴恩达直言,他不希望 AI 领域出现“守门人”,因为这会限制开发者、企业和公众接触 AI 的方式。

他认为,大公司天然会保护自身优势,也可能影响行业规则的形成。结果可能是,只有资金最充足、算力最强的企业才能持续建设最先进的系统。吴恩达给出的方向是,尽量维持多家模型提供者并存,让模型和公司在市场中竞争,而不是让少数平台占据主导。

辛顿区分开源代码与开放权重

不过,辛顿并不把“开源软件”和“开放权重模型”视为同一回事。按他的说法,开源软件公开的是代码,外界可以检查漏洞并提出修改;开放权重则是直接把训练完成的大模型参数交给外界,这会显著降低二次开发门槛。

他表示,自己过去反对开放权重,原因是这会让一些人以更低成本把基础模型改造成网络攻击等用途的工具。但他同时承认,这场争论在现实中已很难逆转。随着开放权重模型持续出现,训练成本曾构成的门槛已经被明显削弱。

尽管如此,辛顿并未主张停止 AI 发展。文章称,他仍认为 AI 会提升生产率,并改善教育和医疗等领域,只是不能因此忽视潜在风险。他还表示,把所有担忧 AI 风险的人都归为“制造恐慌者”,并不公平。

李飞飞主张分层开放

与吴恩达强调开放竞争、辛顿强调安全风险不同,李飞飞反对把讨论简化为“完全开放”或“完全封闭”两种选择。她认为,复杂的软件和科研体系本来就存在不同层级,不同环节可以采用不同程度的开放。

她以核物理为例称,学术论文可以公开发表,但铀材料受到严格监管,实验环节则处于两者之间。她据此认为,AI 也可以采取类似思路:在科研发现、教育和国际合作层面保持一定开放,同时允许企业保留闭源系统和商业模式。

文章还提到,李飞飞援引人类基因组计划说明,公共机构与私营部门合作形成的基础知识平台,可以同时支持科研推进、企业盈利和社会应用。她认为,AI 基础设施也应朝这个方向发展,而不是陷入非此即彼的争论。

三人都认可需要监管

虽然三人对开放模型的边界判断不同,但在监管问题上态度接近。文章称,他们都认为,AI 仍需要一定程度的规则约束,才能朝着更有利于社会的方向发展。

辛顿表示,不能把 AI 应该如何发展完全交给企业家自行决定。围绕开放模型的争论,眼下已不只是技术路线之争,也关系到行业权力分配、国际竞争以及 AI 安全治理的方向。

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