U.S. inflation rate slowed to 4.7% in July PPI; expectations of the Fed remaining inactive rise
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U.S. data on PPI in July fell short of expectations, boosting market expectations for the Federal Reserve to pause interest rate hikes in September.
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美国 7 月生产者通胀低于预期,给美联储 9 月维持利率不变再添依据。美国劳工统计局公布的数据显示,7 月最终需求生产者价格指数(PPI)环比持平,低于市场预期的增长 0.2%;同比增速则从 6 月的 5.5% 放缓至 4.7%。

这份数据发布于 8 月 13 日美东时间早间。PPI 主要反映生产端价格变化,也是观察通胀是否继续向消费端传导的重要指标。此前 6 月数据经修正后为环比下降 0.1%,显示生产端价格压力已较前期高位有所回落。

核心通胀仍未明显降温

虽然整体数据走弱,但剔除食品、能源和贸易服务后的核心口径并未同步明显回落。该指标 7 月环比上涨 0.4%,同比上涨 4.7%,说明部分基础价格压力仍在。

这意味着,单月 headline 数据转弱并不足以完全打消市场对通胀黏性的担忧。尤其是在服务价格仍偏强的情况下,美联储仍需继续观察后续数据。

商品回落抵消服务上涨

从分项看,7 月最终需求商品价格下降 0.7%,服务价格上涨 0.2%,建筑相关价格上涨 2.2%。其中,能源价格是拖累商品项的主要因素,7 月下降 3.1%;食品价格下降 0.9%。

汽油价格当月下跌 5.7%,占商品价格回落的大部分。相比之下,服务端仍有一定韧性。投资组合管理服务价格 7 月上涨 6.5%,剔除贸易、运输和仓储后的服务价格上涨 0.6%。

路透援引的数据口径还显示,PPI 统计多在月初完成,因此 7 月后段油价快速上行的影响,可能尚未完全反映在本次报告中。

美债收益率回落

数据公布后,债券市场将其解读为对美联储维持当前政策更为有利。美国国债收益率随即下行,短端收益率回落更明显,反映市场对政策利率继续上调的押注有所减弱。

文章提到,截至数据发布后不久,两年期美债收益率约为 4.15%,低于其此前的短期均值水平,并延续了自 7 月下旬高点以来的回落走势。

9月会议仍看后续数据

在此之前,美国 7 月消费者价格指数(CPI)环比上涨 0.1%,同比上涨 3.4%;核心 CPI 环比上涨 0.2%,同比上涨 2.5%。与 CPI 一起看,PPI 的放缓进一步强化了市场对 9 月暂停加息的判断。

美联储在 7 月会议上将基准利率维持在 3.50% 至 3.75% 区间,但当时有 3 名决策者支持加息 25 个基点。下一次议息会议定于 9 月 15 日至 16 日举行。里士满联储主席巴尔金表示,是否还需要再次加息仍未有定论,接下来公布的通胀、就业和能源价格数据,仍将影响 9 月决策。

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