Ethereum: Ethereum's next upgrade will break the fixed rule of 21,000 Gas
CoinDesk
1h ago
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Ethereum upgrade will change the rule that transfers to ETH are fixed at 21,000 Gas. The cost of transferring to new addresses will increase significantly, so wallets and fee calculation tools need to be adjusted in advance.
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以太坊下一次重大升级 Glamsterdam 将改写一条沿用多年的默认规则:ETH 转账不再总是固定消耗 2.1 万 Gas。开发者已提醒钱包、区块浏览器和手续费计算服务检查相关软件,否则在升级落地后,部分转账可能被错误估价或直接被系统拒绝。

新地址转账成本将上升

按照当前规则,无论收款地址是否用过,一笔普通 ETH 转账通常都按 2.1 万 Gas 计算。升级后,向已存在账户转账仍维持这一水平,但如果收款地址此前从未在以太坊状态中出现,交易将额外增加 18.36 万单位新的“状态 Gas”。

这意味着,未来最基础的 ETH 转账将不再只有一个统一成本。网络之所以区分两类地址,是因为向全新地址转账不仅要调整余额,还要为该账户创建并长期保存一条新记录。

依赖固定值的软件需要改写

过去多年,不少软件都把 2.1 万 Gas 视为 ETH 转账的固定值。钱包会据此决定一笔支付附带多少 Gas,链上服务也会用这一数值识别和分类普通转账。

如果系统同时把 2.1 万视为最低值和最高值,升级后就可能出现两类问题:一是有效交易被误判为异常,二是手续费估算偏低,导致用户提交的交易参数不足。

  • 向旧地址转账:仍为 2.1 万 Gas
  • 向新地址转账:额外增加 18.36 万状态 Gas
  • 受影响对象:钱包、追踪器、手续费计算器等服务

测试网将先行启用

开发者表示,适配窗口仍然存在。Glamsterdam 将先在名为 Platåberget 的以太坊测试环境启用,随后再进入 Sepolia 和 Hoodi 两个测试网,之后才会推进到主网。

这次提醒主要面向基础设施提供方,而不是普通用户。短期内,发送 ETH 的用户本周无需额外操作,但其所使用的钱包和服务商需要在主网上线前完成更新。

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