web3: Debris from Falcon 9 hits the moon, NASA captures images of a new crater
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After the debris from the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket struck the moon, NASA released new images of the crater and details of its location.
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NASA 表示,一枚长期滞留太空的 SpaceX 猎鹰 9 号火箭上面级已于 8 月 5 日撞上月球表面。几天后,NASA 的月球勘测轨道飞行器 LRO 拍到了撞击点,确认当地形成一个约 60 英尺宽、不到 10 英尺深的新陨坑。

撞击发生在 8 月 5 日

这一级火箭此前曾执行 Firefly Aerospace 于 2025 年 1 月发射的 Blue Ghost 1 月球着陆器任务。NASA 称,太阳活动和引力作用最终改变了其轨道,使其重新飞向月球。

LRO 在 8 月 11 日至 12 日间完成拍摄,时间距离撞击约 6 天。NASA 早前对陨坑宽度的预估约为 60 英尺,这次实拍结果与预估大体一致。

新陨坑周围出现明暗喷射纹

科研人员使用 LRO 的窄角相机,在不同光照条件下分析撞击区域。该相机可分辨约 3 英尺大小的地表特征。

影像显示,陨坑周围同时存在较亮和较暗的喷射纹。NASA 解释称,较暗物质主要是长期暴露在太阳风、宇宙射线和微陨石撞击环境中的月表尘土与岩石,这些物质大约来自地表下 1.5 英尺附近。

靠近陨坑的较亮沉积物,则更可能是撞击时从更深处抛出的新鲜物质。研究人员还借助阴影变化,进一步识别陨坑边缘并估算深度。

定位和拍摄都依赖多方协作

NASA 介绍,拍到这处撞击点并不容易。LRO 在距月面约 60 英里的轨道上运行,速度约为每秒 1 英里,约每两小时完成一次极地到极地飞行。

为让目标进入镜头中心,工程团队需要提前调整探测器姿态。NASA 称,即便时间误差只有 10 秒,目标位置也可能在画面中偏移约 10 英里,因此最终等到合适轨道与观测几何条件用了 6 天。

这次定位还涉及独立天文学家、NASA 近地天体研究中心,以及韩国探月器 Danuri 团队。NASA 先修正了预计撞击坐标,再将结果提供给 Danuri。后者在撞击发生数小时后拍到该区域,最终帮助 LRO 团队进一步锁定位置。

按 NASA 给出的分析结果,陨坑中心坐标位于北纬 19.4759 度、东经 266.7138 度,海拔约 511 米。这次观测也显示,现有月球轨道器不仅能执行常规探测任务,也可用于研究非计划撞击事件及其对月表的影响。

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