web3: Hungary repeals maximum eight-year prison sentences for crypto transactions
Cryptonews
1h ago
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Hungary cancels mandatory verification for crypto exchanges and related criminal liabilities, ending local regulation that was in parallel with that of the EU MiCA.
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匈牙利已撤销针对加密资产兑换的强制验证制度,并同步废除两项与之配套的刑事罪名。新法在 7 月 31 日获议会通过,8 月 7 日正式生效。调整后,面向匈牙利客户提供服务的加密企业,不再需要在欧盟 MiCA 框架之外,再经过一套本地验证流程。

取消本地验证与刑事处罚

此前,匈牙利要求加密资产与法币、以及加密资产之间的兑换,必须经过获授权的本地验证机构。若交易未完成这一步,可能被认定为未经授权的加密交易,并触发刑事责任。

这次被废除的两项罪名分别针对个人和服务提供商。一项是“滥用加密资产”,适用于通过未获授权服务进行较大金额兑换的情形;另一项是“未经授权提供加密资产兑换服务”,针对违反验证要求开展业务的平台或机构。

按旧规,前者最高可判五年监禁,后者在严重情形下最高可判八年监禁。随着新法落地,这些处罚条款已被一并删除。

2025 年旧规曾冲击本地市场

匈牙利在 2025 年推出这套制度时,曾要求交易所通过国家控制的验证程序,核查资金来源、钱包归属、客户身份和用户资料。没有合规证明的兑换交易,甚至可能被视为法律上无效。

这套安排很快引发行业压力。报道提到,Revolut 在规则生效后暂停了匈牙利的加密服务,部分企业也考虑将业务迁往爱沙尼亚、立陶宛等其他欧盟司法辖区。

当地此前估计,约有 50 万匈牙利居民参与过加密资产活动。对交易平台而言,除欧盟统一规则外再叠加一层本地要求,也增加了运营成本和合规不确定性。

与欧盟 MiCA 统一框架接轨

此次撤销,也意味着匈牙利放弃了与欧盟 MiCA 并行的单独监管层。法律人士指出,原有制度与欧盟内部市场原则并不一致,而且与 MiCA 已建立的投资者保护和牌照体系存在重复。

MiCA 为欧盟加密资产服务商提供统一许可框架,获批机构可通过“护照机制”在其他成员国展业。匈牙利取消本地验证后,已按欧盟框架运营的公司,无需再把相关兑换交易送交本国验证机构处理。

这一变化也出现在 MiCA 过渡期结束之后。随着欧盟收紧旧有本地注册安排,未取得 MiCA 授权的公司已面临停止吸纳新客户、逐步退出受监管业务的要求。对仍服务匈牙利客户的平台来说,新法至少减少了一层额外的国内合规负担。

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