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TechCrunch报道称,特斯拉已将太阳能屋顶从官网公开页面中移除,相关产品链接和支持页面目前都跳转至通用太阳能页面。这意味着这项推出近十年的家庭能源产品,已基本退出特斯拉面向新客户的主推名单。

报道提到,仍有安装商向客户提供太阳能屋顶方案,但供货是否可行取决于项目排期。这显示特斯拉可能仍在处理现有库存,而不是完全立即停止交付。

安装目标长期未兑现

太阳能屋顶曾被包装为兼具发电与建筑外观的高端屋面产品,主打替代传统屋顶和常规太阳能板。特斯拉早期曾提出每周安装 1000 套的目标,但在多年调整工艺和安装流程后,2022 年的实际安装规模仅约每周 20 至 40 套。

这款产品从一开始就面向高端住宅市场,价格也持续偏高。特斯拉在营销中常把它与“更换屋顶加装太阳能板”的总成本进行比较,以突出整体方案价值。但即便如此,部分用户拿到的安装报价仍高达 20 万美元,远高于普通家庭可接受范围。

成本结构难以摊薄

与标准化太阳能板不同,太阳能屋顶虽然可能使用常见硅电池,但其瓦片、结构和配套设备都更特殊,难以直接复制成熟供应链。常规太阳能板之所以能持续降价,依赖的是全球大规模标准化生产,而太阳能屋顶缺少这种规模优势。

这也意味着,特斯拉需要为该产品单独设计并采购制造设备。当销量没有达到预期时,设备和产线成本就更难分摊,单套产品的制造与安装成本也更难压低。

发电表现也遭质疑

报道还提到,这款产品在实际使用中曾出现非发电部件受热变形、屋顶底层材料熔化等问题。更令市场关注的是,一些用户反映系统实际发电量低于特斯拉此前给出的预期。

一个可能原因是散热条件不足。普通太阳能板通常会与屋顶保持一定间距,以便空气流动带走热量。太阳能屋顶也留有间隙,但空间更小,可能导致温度更高,进而拖累电池效率。太阳能组件温度上升后,电压通常会下降,整体发电表现也会受到影响。

集成式屋顶仍未完全退场

特斯拉收缩这一产品线,并不意味着集成式太阳能屋顶概念已经结束。报道指出,GAF 和 Merlin Solar 等公司仍在布局这一市场,部分重视建筑外观的一类客户也仍可能带来需求。

不过,特斯拉的退出仍会对这一赛道形成压力。作为全球市值最高的公司之一,特斯拉未能把这项产品做成规模业务,说明这类方案在成本、制造和安装效率上仍面临明显挑战。

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