韩国散户抗议单一股票杠杆ETF,监管拟收紧交易门槛
Wallstreetcn
07-29 18:44
Ai Focus
韩国股市大跌后,散户抗议单一股票杠杆 ETF,监管部门已启动收紧措施。
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韩国股市连续两日大幅波动后,围绕单一股票杠杆 ETF 的争议迅速升温。7 月 29 日,首尔汝矣岛国会大厦前出现数十个吊唁花圈,抗议者要求废除与三星电子、SK 海力士挂钩的高杠杆产品,矛头指向这类工具在下跌行情中放大散户损失。

两日大跌后争议爆发

韩国综合股价指数 7 月 28 日下跌逾 8%,触发熔断。7 月 29 日盘中一度再跌 12.63%,收盘跌幅为 5.98%。这是韩国股市首次连续两个交易日触发熔断。

在这轮下跌中,跟踪三星电子和 SK 海力士的单一股票杠杆 ETF 跌幅进一步放大。由于这类产品通常按每日两倍收益设计,当相关个股盘中大跌时,ETF 净值回撤更快,部分产品盘中跌幅约 25%。

风险来自杠杆与每日重置

单一股票杠杆 ETF 以单只股票为标的,通过衍生品放大单日涨跌。标的上涨时,收益会被放大;标的下跌时,亏损也会同步扩大。

这类产品的风险不只在于杠杆倍数。由于仓位按日调整,若标的连续波动,即便股价之后回到原位,产品净值也可能因波动损耗而低于起点。与传统分散持仓的 ETF 相比,这类产品的风险更集中。

7 月 31 日起提高门槛

韩国金融当局已决定自 7 月 31 日起,对新购或追加买入单一股票杠杆产品的个人投资者设置 3000 万韩元现金预存要求,约合人民币 16 万元。

韩国金融委员长李亿源表示,这项措施预计将使相关交易账户从约 10 万个降至 1 万个,交易规模减少六成以上。监管部门还在研究下调杠杆倍数、限制专业投资者参与范围,以及设置个人买入上限等进一步措施。

政界与总统府表态不一

发起抗议的韩国个人投资者团体认为,监管部门允许高风险产品面向普通投资者销售,却未充分保护投资者利益,因此要求废除单一股票杠杆 ETF。

韩国总统府方面则表示,杠杆 ETF 可能放大波动,但不能将本轮市场下跌全部归因于这一产品。总统政策室长金容范称,市场对 AI 投资回报的担忧、海外半导体竞争压力,以及两家龙头公司在韩国股市权重较高,都是这轮下跌的重要背景。

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