韓國散戶抗議單一股票槓桿ETF,監管擬收緊交易門檻
Wallstreetcn
07-29 18:44
Ai Focus
韓國股市大跌後,散戶抗議單一股票槓桿 ETF,監管機構已啟動收緊措施。
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韓國股市連續兩天大幅波動後,圍繞單一股票槓桿 ETF 的爭議迅速升溫。 7 月 29 日,首爾汝矣島國會大廈前出現數十個弔唁花圈,抗議者要求廢除與三星電子、SK 海力士掛鉤的高槓桿產品,矛頭指向這類工具在下跌行情中放大散戶損失。

兩日大跌後爭議爆發

韓國綜合股價指數 7 月 28 日下跌逾 8%,觸發熔斷。 7 月 29 日盤中一度再跌 12.63%,收盤跌幅為 5.98%。這是韓國股市首次連續兩個交易日觸發熔斷。

在這輪下跌中,追蹤三星電子和 SK 海力士的單一股票槓桿 ETF 跌幅進一步放大。由於這類產品通常以每日兩倍收益設計,當相關個股盤中大跌時,ETF 淨值回檔更快,部分產品盤中跌幅約 25%。

風險來自槓桿與每日重置

單一股票槓桿 ETF 以單檔股票為標的,透過衍生性商品放大單日漲跌。標的上漲時,收益會被放大;當標的下跌時,虧損也會同步擴大。

這類產品的風險不只在於槓桿倍數。由於倉位依日調整,若標的連續波動,即便股價之後回到原位,產品淨值也可能因波動損耗而低於起點。與傳統分散持倉的 ETF 相比,這類產品的風險更集中。

7 月 31 日起提高門檻

韓國金融當局決定自 7 月 31 日起,對新購或追加買入單一股票槓桿產品的個人投資者設置 3,000 萬韓元現金預存要求,約合人民幣 16 萬元。

韓國金融委員長李億源表示,這項措施預計將使相關交易帳戶從約 10 萬個降至 1 萬個,交易規模減少六成以上。監管部門也正在研究下調槓桿倍數、限制專業投資人參與範圍,以及設定個人買進上限等進一步措施。

政界與總統府表態不一

發起抗議的韓國個人投資人團體認為,監理機關允許高風險產品面向一般投資人銷售,卻未充分保護投資人利益,因此要求廢除單一股票槓桿 ETF。

韓國總統府方面則表示,槓桿 ETF 可能放大波動,但不能將本輪市場下跌全部歸因於此產品。總統政策室長金容範稱,市場對 AI 投資回報的擔憂、海外半導體競爭壓力,以及兩家龍頭在韓國股市權重較高,都是這一輪下跌的重要背景。

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