UnitedHealth Discloses Tax Dispute with the US Internal Revenue Service
Fortune
3h ago
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UnitedHealth Discloses Tax Dispute with the US Internal Revenue Service over Pricing of Overseas Subsidiary Transactions; Company Says It Will File a Defense
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UnitedHealth最新文件显示,公司正就一项税务调整提议与美国国税局(IRS)发生争议。公司披露称,争议涉及其与一家海外子公司在 2017 年至 2020 年间的交易定价,税务机关拟显著上调这些年度的应税收入,公司则表示不会接受这一判断。

涉及2017年至2020年交易

根据公司在 5 月和 8 月的季度文件,这些通知覆盖 2017 至 2020 纳税年度。IRS 认为,相关交易定价可能导致 UnitedHealth 少计美国应税收入,并且不排除将类似调整延伸到后续年度。

不过,公司在最新文件中表示,其税务处理“有充分依据”,并计划对拟议调整“强力抗辩”。目前披露材料没有说明涉事海外子公司的名称、注册地,也未说明具体交易类型。

金额与交易细节仍未公开

这意味着外界暂时无法判断这场争议的规模。公司文件没有附上 IRS 拟追缴的税额,也没有披露争议是否集中在知识产权、服务收费、成本分摊,或其他跨境内部交易。

所谓转让定价,通常是指跨国公司为不同国家的关联实体之间交易设定价格。由于这些价格会影响利润在各司法辖区之间的分配,因此也会直接影响纳税地点和税负水平。

美国税务机关近十多年来持续加强对这类安排的审查,重点关注美国跨国企业是否通过海外子公司转移利润。类似争议此前也曾出现在 Coca-Cola、Meta 和 Medtronic 等大型企业身上。

同类案件往往持续多年

这类案件通常耗时很长,金额也可能很大。公开案例显示,Coca-Cola 与 IRS 的争议最终可能涉及约 200 亿美元税款和利息;Meta 也在就一项涉及 158.9 亿美元额外税款的通知提出抗辩。

UnitedHealth当前并未给出本案的潜在风险敞口。公司文件显示,其截至 2025 年底的未确认税务利益总额升至 56 亿美元,高于一年前的 41 亿美元,但公司明确表示,这一数字不应被直接理解为本次争议对应金额。

后续或进入上诉与诉讼程序

按照美国税务程序,拟议调整通知并不是最终裁定,也不等同于正式罚款或最终征税决定。如果双方在审查阶段无法解决分歧,公司可以进入 IRS 行政上诉程序,之后也可能进一步诉诸法院。

UnitedHealth表示,基于目前掌握的信息,公司对不确定税务事项计提的准备金仍属充足,并将继续对这项调整提议提出抗辩。

补充信息:Fortune 报道称,美国国税局未就此置评。按照美国联邦法律,税务机关通常不得公开讨论个别纳税人的具体事项。

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