Massive inflow into US long-term bonds ETF sparks speculation about insider trading
Wall Street CN
08-20 08:39
Ai Focus
Before the U.S. Treasury Department expanded its long-term bond repurchases, a super-long-term U.S. bond ETF recorded the largest single-day net inflow in history, raising market suspicions about whether there were trades that gained advance knowledge of policy information.
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美国财政部宣布扩大长期国债回购前夕,一只对长端利率高度敏感的 ETF 突然吸引大额资金流入。政策公布后,美债价格走强、收益率回落,这笔提前出现的交易也迅速引发市场关注。

创纪录资金提前进场

据报道,美国财政部 8 月 20 日表示,计划将 10 至 30 年期国债回购规模至少扩大一倍。消息公布后,30 年期美债收益率盘中一度下行 10 个基点,降至 5.18%,从接近二十年高位回落。

而在公告前一天,Pimco 25+ 年期零息美国国债指数 ETF 出现 1.23 亿美元单日净流入,创下成立以来最高纪录。当日成交量达到 520 万股,接近此前高点的两倍。

政策消息落地后,这只 ETF 在周三上涨 3.2%,创下 2024 年 11 月以来最大单日涨幅。

为何这只产品反应更大

这只 ETF 规模约 15 亿美元,主要持有 STRIPS,也就是将美国国债本金和利息拆分后形成的零息债券。由于这类债券不定期付息,回报主要来自到期兑付,因此价格对利率变化更敏感。

该产品有效久期约为 28 年,意味着如果长端利率下降 1 个百分点,理论上净值涨幅可达到约 28%。也因此,它常被视为押注长期利率方向的高敏感度工具。

  • 单日净流入:1.23 亿美元
  • 当日成交量:520 万股
  • 周三单日涨幅:3.2%

市场质疑交易时点异常

报道指出,财政部这次扩大回购并非市场普遍预期中的动作。因此,在消息公布前一天,已有资金集中买入相关 ETF,且规模与成交量同时创纪录,令外界开始猜测是否有人提前获知政策信息。

目前,公开报道尚未披露这笔资金的具体来源,也没有监管机构公开表示已启动调查。

类似争议此前也曾在美国市场出现。特朗普政府宣布暂停对等关税前后,美股期权市场也曾出现异常交易,并引发外界对政策消息可能被提前利用的讨论。

长债全年仍未摆脱压力

尽管这只 ETF 在消息公布后明显反弹,但年内仍累计下跌 5.4%。市场此前一直受到通胀预期偏高和财政赤字担忧影响,长期美债持续承压。

此次财政部扩大回购,短线为长债提供支撑,但是否足以改变全年走势,市场看法仍不一致。

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