According to CoinMeta, authors Starkware CEO Eli Ben - Sasson pointed out that as quantum computing and breakthroughs in AI computing power accelerate, blockchain security is facing urgent challenges. Networks must possess quantum-resistant encryption (zk-starks) and cryptographic agility (crypto agility). They stated that although Starknet has a post-quantum migration roadmap and is expected to achieve quantum resistance by 2027, it still relies heavily on the underlying security of Ethereum (L1) at present. Ethereum, on the other hand, plans to achieve full L1 quantum resistance by the end of 2029. Since Bitcoin has not yet established a timeline, to avoid passive waiting, Starknet is considering multiple approaches, including "transforming into an independent L1," in order to take control of its own security upgrade pace and create a foundational public chain that can withstand quantum and AI risks.