How Dalio Made Bridgewater Famous with the McDonald's Chicken Nuggets Project
Fortune
08-14 23:19
Ai Focus
According to Fortune, Dalio designed hedging strategies for the supply chain of McDonald's chicken nuggets in his early years, and Bridgewater also used this to increase its visibility.
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在成为全球最大对冲基金之一前,雷·达利欧先靠一项更传统的企业咨询业务打开局面:帮助麦当劳解决鸡肉成本波动问题。这段经历后来成为桥水早期发展中的关键案例,也让这家新成立不久的机构在企业客户中建立了名声。

鸡肉成本波动成了难题

20 世纪 70 年代末,美国饮食结构开始变化。政府曾建议减少红肉摄入,增加家禽和鱼类消费,消费者对胆固醇和心血管疾病的关注也在升温。以牛肉汉堡为核心的麦当劳因此加快转向鸡肉产品。

麦当劳在 1981 年先推出 Chicken ’n Chips,随后又将重点转向后来的麦乐鸡。问题在于,鸡肉产品要大规模进入菜单,前提是原料成本必须更稳定。

达利欧为麦当劳设计对冲方案

当时仍在搭建桥水的达利欧,已在农产品和大宗商品领域积累经验,也曾为牧场和种植企业提供风险管理建议。他后来回忆称,鸡肉生产中最关键、也最容易波动的成本并不是雏鸡本身,而是饲料。

鸡饲料主要由豆粕和玉米构成,这两项价格波动较大。达利欧的做法,是围绕这两类原料设计对冲安排,让鸡肉供应商能够向麦当劳提供更稳定的报价。按他的说法,这一方案帮助麦当劳得以把麦乐鸡正式推向全国菜单。

麦乐鸡推出后迅速放量

麦当劳在 1983 年推出 Chicken McNuggets。报道援引达利欧的说法称,产品上线数月后,这家原本以红肉产品为主的连锁餐饮企业,已成为全球第二大鸡肉零售商。

随着鸡肉消费在美国持续上升,鸡肉后来也逐步取代牛肉,成为更受欢迎的肉类选择之一。如今,麦当劳每年销售约 7 亿磅鸡块。

这笔业务也让桥水获得早期背书

这项合作不仅帮助麦当劳稳定供应链成本,也让桥水在企业咨询和对冲基金业务上获得更高可信度。报道提到,桥水后来因此拿到世界银行 500 万美元投资,这是其早期最重要的一笔资金之一。

达利欧于 1975 年在纽约一套两居室公寓创立桥水。随着业务扩大,公司 1981 年迁至康涅狄格州威尔顿,并在一处改造谷仓中办公。到 20 世纪 80 年代中期,桥水团队已扩展到约 10 人。

截至今年 7 月,桥水管理资产已超过 1020 亿美元。报道还提到,在 2022 年由 Nir Bar Dea 接任首席执行官后,桥水也在探索以 AI 辅助投资研究和决策。

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