SEC sues private equity sales institutions for peddling SpaceX and other equities
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SEC accuses a financial institution of selling unlisted company shares such as SpaceX and Anthropic to retirees, while concealing high fees.
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美国证监会(SEC)起诉长岛金融机构 The Spaventa Group 及其创始人 Andrew Spaventa,指其在 2020 年底至 2025 年中通过 11 只私募基金销售未上市科技公司相关份额,向 800 多名投资者募得逾 7400 万美元。被点名的底层资产包括 SpaceX、Anduril、Anthropic 和 Perplexity。

SEC称,这些产品主要卖给零售投资者,其中超过 650 人单笔投入不超过 10 万美元,另有 100 多人为退休人士。监管方认为,销售团队通过电话推销和高压话术吸引客户,却没有如实披露实际收费结构。

SEC指控隐瞒高额加价

根据周五提交至纽约南区联邦法院的诉状,投资者买入相关份额时,平均支付价格比 Spaventa 控制实体的拿货成本高出 46%,个别交易的加价幅度最高达到 91%。SEC称,投资者并不知道这些加价水平。

监管方估算,被告方合计收取了约 2300 万美元未披露费用,其中超过 1200 万美元用于支付电话销售人员佣金,Spaventa 本人至少获得 400 万美元。诉状称,这些资金部分被用于购房、装修、个人旅行和豪车支出。

Spaventa 在接受媒体电话采访时否认指控,并表示将应诉。SEC 此次同时起诉了他控制的三家实体,包括 The Spaventa Group、TSG Capital Advisors 和 TSG Alpha Partners,指控其涉嫌证券欺诈以及违反经纪商注册规定。

资金先转手再卖给基金

SEC 称,相关交易并非基金直接买入目标公司股权,而是先由 Spaventa 控制的实体买入,再以更高价格转售给其管理的基金,最终由基金把成本转嫁给投资者。

  • Anthropic 相关份额转售价较买入价高出 41% 至 79%
  • Perplexity AI 相关份额加价约为 27% 至 45%
  • SpaceX 相关份额从 595 美元转售至 975 美元

SEC 还称,Anduril 出现在 3 只基金中,加价幅度约为 29% 至 57%。诉状提到的未上市公司还包括 Stripe、Rubrik、Epic Games 和 Impossible Foods。上述公司本身并未被指控存在不当行为。

销售话术与基金结构受质疑

SEC 称,这些基金没有董事会,也没有独立第三方评估相关转让价格是否公允。监管方还指控,Spaventa 在 SEC 于 2023 年启动调查后,曾对部分基金股权转让协议进行补签或倒签日期处理。

诉状还称,销售人员中多人并未完成注册,部分人此前曾被美国金融业监管局 FINRA 暂停或禁止执业。虽然他们获得约 10% 的佣金,但内部手册要求他们不要使用“佣金”一词,而改称“介绍费”。

SEC 表示,销售脚本中还包含误导性表述,例如宣称“没有隐藏费用”“你听到的价格就是投资价格”,以及“如果你赚钱,我们才赚钱”。但监管方称,相关加价在投资者认购基金完成时就已被计入。

此外,TSG 的营销材料称其直接向原股东或内部人士购买股份,不会造成公司股权稀释。SEC 则指出,相关基金超过 90% 的持仓实际上是其他私募 pre-IPO 基金的份额,这意味着投资者不仅承担第一层费用,还叠加了第二层费用和额外风险。

补充信息:目前,Spaventa 尚未向法院正式提交答辩。SEC 寻求追缴违法所得、处以民事罚款,并永久禁止其进入证券行业。诉状称,多数投资者至今仍未收回投入资金。

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