Foreign media: Whether it is legal to train with copyrighted books using AI remains inconclusive
TechCrunch
8h ago
Ai Focus
According to TechCrunch, US courts have not yet established a unified standard regarding the use of copyrighted works for training with AI. The current disputes focus on fair use, whether it constitutes direct competition, and whether the source of training data is legal.
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TechCrunch刊文称,围绕 AI 模型能否使用受版权保护的书籍训练,美国法律目前仍没有清晰结论。现有判决显示,法院并不一定把“训练”本身视为侵权,但如果训练材料来自盗版渠道,相关公司仍可能面临巨额赔偿。

Anthropic案释放复杂信号

文章提到,去年美国法官 William Alsup 在一起作家集体诉讼中,要求 Anthropic 支付 15 亿美元版权和解金。不过,这一裁决并未直接否定 AI 训练行为本身。法官的处罚重点,是 Anthropic 从非法“影子图书馆”获取书籍。

按该案的裁判思路,模型学习海量文本,更接近“阅读并吸收内容”,而不是简单复制作品。文章援引知识产权律师 Cathy Gellis 的说法称,这种认定对 AI 公司整体上更有利,因为版权法主要约束复制行为,而不直接禁止阅读、使用或接触作品内容。

争议集中在合理使用

报道指出,美国现行版权法制定于 1976 年,面对今天的生成式 AI,法院只能用旧规则解释新问题。当前多数案件的关键,在于 AI 训练是否属于“合理使用”,尤其要看这种使用是否具有足够的“转换性”。

法院通常会考量几项因素,包括使用目的、作品性质、使用比例,以及对原有市场的影响。文章援引律师 Jason Henderson 的观点称,如果一家公司使用他人内容训练模型,是为了直接打造竞争产品,法院通常会更谨慎;如果不构成直接竞争,获得支持的空间会更大。

是否构成竞争仍是焦点

文章举例称,Thomson Reuters 起诉 Ross Intelligence 一案中,法院认定后者使用前者内容开发 AI 法律平台,不属于合理使用,原因之一是双方产品存在直接竞争关系。

相比之下,作家虽然可以主张聊天机器人利用其作品生成新内容,进而挤压作者收入,但这一论点目前尚未在法院取得决定性胜利。也就是说,AI 输出是否足以替代原作者市场,仍是后续案件的重要争点。

AI生成内容也有另一层问题

文章还提到,AI 训练是否合法,与 AI 生成内容能否获得版权,其实是两套不同问题。此前在 Thaler v. Perlmutter 一案中,美国法院认定,完全由 AI 生成的作品不能获得版权保护。

这也带来新的现实问题:如果一部作品部分由 AI 辅助完成,如何界定人类创作比例,未来仍可能继续引发争议。TechCrunch认为,在大量案件仍处于审理阶段的情况下,美国法院短期内很难给出统一答案,但现有判决已经开始影响 AI 公司的训练和数据使用方式。

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