Foreign media: The US Treasury's repurchase of government bonds to lower long-term bond yields raises doubts
Businessinsider
08-25 18:41
Ai Focus
Foreign media reports that Citibank Securities questions the U.S. Treasury's purchase of government bonds to lower long-term bond yields, believing that this move may exacerbate inflationary pressures.
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美国财政部近期通过回购国债压低长期收益率,引发市场对政策效果的讨论。外媒称,Citadel Securities认为,这类做法只能暂时缓和长端利率上行,难以解决通胀预期和财政赤字带来的根本压力。

财政部出手压低长端利率

美国财政部此前宣布,最多将回购 40 亿美元美国国债。CNBC 随后报道,财政部还可能动用约 1 万亿美元的一般账户资金,扩大相关购买规模。

消息传出后,美债长端收益率短线回落。周一,30 年期美债收益率下行约 4 个基点,降至 5.23% 左右;10 年期美债收益率下行约 3 个基点,至 4.7% 附近。此前,30 年期美债收益率一度升至 2007 年以来高位。

Citadel称未解决根本问题

Citadel Securities 在周一致客户的说明中表示,财政部直接干预收益率,并不能修复固定收益市场面临的核心矛盾。该机构欧洲、中东和非洲固定收益销售主管 Nohshad Shah 认为,这更像是在压制市场价格信号,而不是处理背后的财政与通胀问题。

文章提到,今年以来美债收益率持续走高,主要原因包括通胀担忧升温,以及市场对美国财政前景的顾虑。赤字扩大意味着投资者对持有美国国债的要求更高,通胀走强也会推高利率预期,进一步抬升收益率。

争议指向通胀与财政取向

Citadel 认为,压低利率在短期内可能有效,但长期代价可能更高。若政策持续压制利率,货币政策通过利率传导的调节作用会被削弱,通胀和增长过热时,市场出清机制也会受到影响。

该机构援引历史经验称,美国在上世纪实施利率压制后,国债收益率最终仍在 1970 年代走高。其观点是,如果不处理财政支出和通胀压力,单靠行政手段压低收益率,压力只会转移,而不会消失。

特朗普政府关注10年期美债

文章还提到,美国财政部长 Scott Bessent 已明确表示,压低利率仍是特朗普政府的重要目标之一。特朗普此前也曾因降息问题公开批评时任美联储主席鲍威尔。

在白宫看来,10 年期美债收益率不仅是融资成本的重要指标,也被视为衡量家庭借贷负担和生活成本变化的关键参考。Citadel 则认为,更持久的降息路径可能仍取决于更严格的财政选择,甚至不排除短期内需要更高利率来重新稳定市场预期。

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